Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology

Research Article

17/5/2017

Antibiotic Resistance Trends and The ESBL Prevalence of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp Urinary Isolates in In-and Outpatients in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Istanbul, 2004 - 2012

Seniha Senbayrak, Efe Serkan Boz, Simin Cevan, Asuman Inan, Derya Ozturk Engin, Nilgun Dosoglu, Naz Cobanoglu, Ozgur Dagli, Ismail Davarci, Sebahat Aksaray

Results: Our data showed a significant increasing in ESBL prevalence from 12.5% to 44.7% (P < 0.001) for inpatients; from 9.6% to 22.8% (P < 0.001) for outpatients in E. coli and from 25% to 60.5% (P < 0.003) for inpatients; from 12% to 25% (P < 0.095) for outpatients in Klebsiella spp. For E. coli, the increase was significantly high in both of males and females (P < 0.001). However, for Klebsiella spp. it was significantly high in male patients (P < 0.001). The resistance rates of antibiotics for the ESBL producing E. coli, and Klebsiella spp. showed a significant increase. These rates were higher than 70% for fluoroquinolones, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Even carbepenem resistance reached to 7% in the outpatients and 15% in inpatients for ESBL producing Klebsiella spp.

Research Article

14/5/2017

Dissemination of Classes 1, 2, and 3 Integrons in Acinetobacter baumannii Strains Recovered from Intensive Care Units Using Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism

Mehdi Goudarzi, Hadi Azimi

Methods: A total of 105 A. baumannii isolates were collected between October 2015 and April 2016 from 4 medical centers located in different regions of Tehran, Iran. The resistance rate to different classes of antimicrobial agents was assessed using Epsilometer test. Conventional PCR was performed for the detection of blaOXA-51-like gene and integrase gene. Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism technique using RsaI and HinfI restriction enzymes was used to detect integron classes.

Results: All the isolates were observed to be susceptible to colistin and polymixin B and inhibited at similar minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) 50 (MIC₅₀) and MIC₉₀ 1 µg/mL. All the tested A. baumannii isolates were multidrug resistant. The rate of extensive drug-resistance among these clinical isolates was 71.4%. The highest and the lowest levels of resistance were observed to be related to ciprofloxacin (96.2%) and netilmicin (40%), respectively. Resistance rates to other antibiotics tested were between 43.8% and 80%. The prevalence of classes 1 and 2 integrons was found to be 66.7% and 20%, respectively. Class 3 integron was reported, for the first time, in three A. baumannii strains (2.9%) isolates from Tehran, the capital of Iran.

Research Article

20/5/2017

In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Dermcidin-1L Against Extensively-Drug-Resistant and Pandrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii

Zahra Farshadzadeh, Mohammad Hossein Modaresi, Behrouz Taheri, Sara Rahimi, Abbas Bahador

Background: Acinetobacter baumannii is currently considered one of the greatest causes of nosocomial infection. The rapid emergence and spread of resistance to most conventional antibiotics highlight the need to identify novel antimicrobial agents. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are introduced as potential therapeutic alternatives. Human anionic antimicrobial peptide, dermcidin-1L (DCD-1L), has shown antimicrobial activity against a wide range of nosocomial pathogens; however, it is still unknown whether it exhibits such properties against A. baumannii.

Research Article

17/5/2017

Prevalence and Genotyping of Methicillin-Resistant and - Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated from Patients in a University Hospital, Isfahan, Iran

Seyed Asghar Havaei, Mehrdad Halaji, Sinisa Vidovic, Jo-Anne R. Dillon, Mohsen Karbalaei, Fahimeh Ghanbari, Amirmorteza Ebrahimzadeh Namvar, Bahram Nasr Esfahani, Seyed Mehdi Havaei, Amir Azimian

Research Article

1/5/2017

Effects of Different Environmental Factors and Virulence Factors, dupA and iceA Genes, of Helicobacter pylori on Peptic Ulcer

Vahid Babaei, Yassaman Saghaei, Hamidreza Zeraatgar Gohardani, Farzaneh Vali, Shahram Teimourian

Background: Helicobacter pylori is colonized in stomach and has a significant etiological role in different kinds of digestive diseases. Helicobacter pylori has the ability to devastate duodenal mucus causing peptic ulcer. Breakage of stomach lining is also seen more often among people who accustomed to consume tobacco, spicy (or sour) foods, alcohol, coffee, and tranquilizers as well as those who are exposed to heavy meals and stressful-life events (stress ulcer). Also, it seems dup A and ice A genes are involved in H. pylori etiology.

Research Article

6/2/2017

Expression and Antigenic Evaluation of Helicobacter pylori UreB Fragment

Ehsan Raoufi, Hassan Akrami, Behzad Khansarinejad, Hamid Abtahi

Methods: In this study, the highly antigenic region of UreB gene (609 bp) was detected, using immunological bioinformatics for epitope mapping, amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Afterwards, the antigen was cloned, using a pBSK cloning vector and was inserted into a pET-32a expression vector; the target protein was then expressed and purified. Eventually, antigenicity was examined by immunoblotting on the sera of humans infected with H. pylori UreB recombinant protein.

Research Article

31/1/2017

8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosin in Peripheral Leukocyte Associated With HBsAg in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B

Ashraf Mohamadkhani, Samaneh Moafi, Hamid Reza Fazli, Samaneh Mirzaei, Maryam Sharafkhah, Sima Besharat, Ghodratollah Montazeri, Hossein Poustchi

Methods: Thirty patients with CHB who had undergone liver biopsies for therapeutic purposes and 30 matched controls from a healthy population were randomly selected in the present study for assessment of 8-OHdG levels in peripheral blood leukocytes DNA by 32P-postlabeling analysis. Expression of HBsAg in hepatocytes was evaluated immunohistochemically in liver biopsies of patients with CHB. The effect of 8-OHdG and 95% confidence interval (CI), adjusted by relevant confounders, were assessed on hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection.

Results: Experimental investigation showed increased levels of DNA adduct 8-OHdG compared with healthy individuals (mean ± standard deviation, 1456 ± 1275 vs. 402 ± 271; P < 0.001). The logistic regression with continuous and dichotomous models revealed the strong impact of 8-OHdG on CHB infection (OR = 1.20; 95%CI: 1.01 - 1.44, P = 0.043) and (OR = 7.18; 95%CI: 1.32 - 39.02, P = 0.022). HBV DNA and hepatic expression of HBsAg had a borderline association with DNA adduct 8-OHdG (r = 0.35, P = 0.054 and r = 0.36, P = 0.05).

Research Article

7/5/2017

Establishment of MDCK/FX Cell for Efficient Replication of Influenza Viruses

Hadi Fazel, Shahla Shahsavandi, Homayoon Mahravani, Farhad Rezaei, Jila Yavarian, Nazanin Zahra Shafiiei-Jandaghi, Talat Mokhtari Azad

Results: RT-PCR data revealed that FX was stably expressed in the cell after the subsequent passages without any change in the rate of culture’s confluency. Growth kinetic of H9N2 virus analysis demonstrated that MDCK/FX cell supported high-titer growth of the virus in which the viral titer is comparable to the virus grown in MDCK cells supplemented with TPCK-trypsin. Quantification of influenza infectious particles in the cell culture revealed the equivalents viral RNA copies and viral titers.

Research Article

24/4/2017

Determination of Virulence Factors in Clinical Multidrug Resistance Enterococci Isolates at Southeast of Iran

Shahram Shahraki, Morteza Rabi Nezhad Mousavi

Methods: The samples were collected from different hospital wards including; Intensive care unit (ICU), cardiac care unit (CCU), pediatrics department, internal wards, and transplantation. The isolates were detected by biochemical tests and in order to determine the antibiotic susceptibility pattern, disk diffusion agar (kirby-bauer) was accomplished. Then, MICs (Minimum inhibitory concentrations) of vancomycin were determined by E-test strips. For molecular examinations and detection of drug resistance genes, the simple polymerase chain reaction was used. The multiplex PCR was used in order to detect virulence factors.

Results: Total of 85 isolates were obtained from one university teaching hospital in southeast of Iran. Approximately 95% of isolated which were from urine specimens and 34% of isolates were collected from pediatrics units at hospital. Tetracycline resistance (48%) has been observed with a high frequency and related to the tetM gene. Furthermore, eighteen isolates were recognized as MDR strains that carried vanA, aac (6)-Ie-aph (2)-Ia, ermB, and tetM genes. Among virulence factor genes, asa1 (69%) and gelE (55%) are more frequently observed in both species. In general, we found Enterococcus faecalis strains more prevalent. Also, E. faecium was related to antibiotic resistance genes in nosocomial infection.

Conclusions: The data was indicated a high prevalence of multiple antibiotics resistance genes with virulence determinants in enterococci and also considered resistant isolate in pediatrics unit. The current results can be recommended in order to change new strategies for antibiotic therapy, because this serious pathogen is important for treatment and eradication in hospitals. Furthermore, the biofilm formation was regulated and constructed by virulence determinants that could be a candidate for enterococcal treatment.

Research Article

4/5/2017

Genetic Determinants of Antibiotic Resistance in Hospital and Community Isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli

Farzaneh Dehghan, Nader Zolghadri, Afsaneh Karmostaji

Results: Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase phenotype was detected in 49 (26.3%) E. coli and 19 (32.8%) K. pneumoniae isolates. Bla_VEB gene in 32 (17.2%) E. coli and 5 (8.6%) K. pneumoniae isolates. Bla_PER gene in 4 (2.1%) E. coli and 0 (0%) K. pneumoniae isolates. Bla_CTX-Mgene in 113 (60.7%) E. coli and 34 (58.6%) K. pneumoniae isolates. Bla_TEM gene in 106 (57%) E. coli and 25 (43.1%) K. pneumoniae isolates. One hundred and nine (58.6%) of E. coli and 33 (56.9%) of K. pneumoniae were carrying Class 1 integron and 18 (9.7%) of E. coli and 3 (5.2%) of K. pneumoniae were carrying Class 2 integron. Class 3 integron was not detected.

Research Article

7/5/2017

Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Multi-Transfused Thalassemic Patients, Kermanshah, Iran, 2015

Babak Sayad, Maryam Foroughikia, Reza Akramipour, Alireza Farokhi, Feizollah Mansouri, Alirez Janbakhsh, Mandana Afsharian, Siavash Vaziri, Afshin Almasi

Methods: Thalassemic patients registered at Mohammad Kermanshahi university hospital were included. Demographic data, history of blood transfusions, Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), Hepatitis B core antibody (HBC Ab), Hepatitis B surface antibody (HBs Ab), Hepatitis C antibody, and Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody were extracted. Serologic tests were done using the third-generation enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and positive Hepatitis C virus (HCV) Ab and HIV Ab results was confirmed by Western Blotting.

Results: A total number of 232 patients were enrolled (111 females and 121 males), among whom HBsAg and HIV Ab were both negative. Positive HBS Ab was reported in 222 subjects (95.7%) and 19 cases (8.2%) had positive HBC Ab. Immunity to hepatitis B was the result of vaccination in 87.5% of cases. Hepatitis C antibody was positive in 14 cases (6%). Finally, a significant relationship was found between HCV infection and blood transfusion done before 1996.

Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology: May 2017, 10 (5), 11 articles.